Air piston cylinder

Air piston cylinder is the cavity in the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine where the piston is placed. It is the orbit of the piston movement, 

in which the gas burns and expands, and through the cylinder wall, it can also dissipate a part of the residual heat of the explosion transmitted by the gas, so that the engine maintains a normal working temperature.

Air pistons can generally be divided into single-acting cylinders, double-acting cylinders, diaphragm cylinders, impact cylinders and rodless cylinders.

A single cast cylinder barrel is called a cylinder liner. The cylinder liner that is in direct contact with the cooling water is called a wet cylinder liner; 

the one that is not in direct contact with the cooling water is called a dry cylinder liner.

In order to maintain the tightness of the contact between the cylinder and the piston and reduce the friction loss of the piston moving in it, 

the inner wall of the cylinder should have high machining accuracy and precise shape and size. 

Common air cyclinders are: DNC Series ISO6431 Standard Cylinder, SI Series ISO15552 Standard Cylinder, CQ2 Series Compact Cylinder.

Structure and Working Principle

An air piston cylinder consists of a cylindrical barrel, a piston, a piston rod, and end covers. When compressed air enters one side of the cylinder, it pushes the piston, generating motion. 

The movement direction depends on whether the cylinder is single-acting or double-acting:

Single-acting cylinders use air pressure to move the piston in one direction, with a spring or external force returning it to its original position.

Double-acting cylinders use air pressure on both sides of the piston, allowing bidirectional motion.

Types of Air Piston Cylinders

Standard Cylinders – Designed for general industrial applications, available in various bore sizes and stroke lengths.

Compact Cylinders – Shorter stroke lengths with a space-saving design, ideal for applications with limited installation space.

Rodless Cylinders – Utilize an internal mechanism to provide motion without an external piston rod, suitable for applications requiring long strokes.

Guided Cylinders – Integrated with guide rods or bearings to enhance stability and precision.

Rotary Cylinders – Convert pneumatic energy into rotational motion for specific industrial uses.

Advantages of Air Piston Cylinders

High Speed and Responsiveness – Pneumatic cylinders operate quickly, making them ideal for fast-paced automation.

Durability and Reliability – Made from high-quality materials such as aluminum or stainless steel, ensuring longevity.

Cost-Effective – Compared to hydraulic and electric actuators, air cylinders have a lower initial and maintenance cost.

Safe Operation – Air-powered systems reduce the risk of fire hazards associated with hydraulic fluids.

Applications

Air piston cylinders are used in various industries, including:

Manufacturing – Assembly lines, material handling, and automation.

Packaging – Sealing, labeling, and cutting operations.

Automotive – Pressing, stamping, and robotic automation.

Medical Equipment – Precision-controlled motion in diagnostic and laboratory equipment.

Customization and Selection

Choosing the right air piston cylinder involves considering factors such as bore size, stroke length, operating pressure, and mounting type. 

Customization options, including special coatings, seals, and rod modifications, allow adaptation to specific operational environments.

Fokca offers a range of air piston cylinders, including standard and customized solutions, to meet diverse industrial requirements. 

For more details or assistance in selecting the right cylinder, contact our professional team.

A piston cylinder contains air at 600 kpa

Pressure, Volume, and Temperature:

These three variables are interrelated in the ideal gas law, which states that 

PV = nRT (where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is temperature). At 600 kPa, 

if we know the volume and temperature of the air, we can determine other properties of the system, such as the density of the air or the total energy content of the gas.

State Changes:

 If the piston is movable, the volume of the cylinder may change, leading to work being done on or by the gas. If the gas is compressed, the pressure will increase, and the temperature may rise unless the system is cooled. Conversely, if the gas is allowed to expand, the pressure will drop, and the temperature may fall, following principles described in the first law of thermodynamics (energy conservation). These processes are fundamental in many engineering systems, including engines, compressors, and air conditioning systems.

A piston cylinder system with air at 600 kPa is similar to the conditions inside the cylinders of many internal combustion engines or pneumatic actuators. In internal combustion engines, the air-fuel mixture undergoes compression before ignition, generating power. The pressure and volume relationship plays a critical role in engine efficiency. In pneumatic systems, controlled compression and expansion of air in pistons drive machinery, from industrial presses to robotic arms. The knowledge of air pressure, volume, and temperature is essential to optimizing these systems for maximum efficiency and safety.

For more information, please feel free to Contact us.